runtime system

RU: среда выполнения

The support infrastructure that a language implementation provides alongside a compiled or interpreted program. A runtime system typically supplies: automatic memory management (garbage collector + heap), the call-stack mechanism (stack frames, return addresses, calling conventions), the standard library (built-in data structures, I/O, math), and — for interpreted or bytecode languages — the interpreter or virtual machine itself. Even C programs have a minimal runtime: the C standard library and startup code that sets up the call stack and calls main.