congestion control

RU: управление перегрузкой

TCP's mechanism for preventing network collapse by adjusting how much data is in flight. It starts with slow start (exponential cwnd growth), switches to additive increase once a threshold is reached, then reacts to loss: on triple-duplicate-ACK (fast retransmit) cwnd is roughly halved; on a timeout it is reset to 1 MSS — the two loss signals differ sharply in severity. The result is a self-regulating flow that probes for available bandwidth without overwhelming routers.